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ToggleComplete Guide to Plum Varieties: From Growing to Harvest
Last updated: 26 October 2024
Reading time: 15 minutes
Plums, the jewels of the orchard, are a fruit heritage of exceptional richness. As nurserymen specialising in organic farming, we see interest in these delicious fruits and their heritage varieties growing every year.
Discover our selection of the best organic plum varieties:
- ‘Reine Claude d’Oullins’ plum: early and self-fertile
- ‘Datil’ plum: hardy and versatile
- ‘Reine Claude Dorée’ or ‘Reine Claude Verte’ plum: the benchmark for flavour
- ‘Mirabelle de Nancy’ plum: tradition and hardiness
- ‘Quetsche d’Alsace’ plum: ideal for tarts
- ‘Golden Japan’ plum: an exotic flavour
- Stanley plum: productive and reliable
- ‘Reine Claude de Bavay’ plum: late and flavoursome
The essentials on organic plum varieties
Top 5 varieties and their uses
- Datil: Versatile, resistance ★★★★★
- Reine-Claude Dorée: Best for dessert
- Mirabelle de Nancy: Perfect for tarts and jams
- Quetsche d’Italie: Ideal for prunes
- Stanley: Easy to grow, productive
Main families
🟡 Greengages (Reine-Claude): Sweet (July-August)
🟨 Mirabelles: Small, golden (August-September)
🟣 Quetsches: Elongated (late August-October)
🔵 Dessert plums: Large, juicy (July-September)
Organic growing in brief:
🌱 Plant: Nov-March 🌞 Spacing: 4-5 m ✂️ Prune: winter 💧 Water: first 3 years
Storage
- Fresh: 2-3 weeks (4-6°C)
- Can be frozen
- Jam or drying for surpluses
Benefits
46 kcal/100 g + fibre + vitamin C
Discover all our plum trees
For those who want to know more:
Key figures on organic plums
- More than 40 varieties grown in France
- 2 to 3 times more polyphenols than conventional plums
- Can keep for up to 4 weeks in optimal conditions
- Harvest spread from July to October
Prunus domestica, the European plum, thrives particularly well in France and offers a remarkable diversity of fruit. From the famous Reine-Claude Dorée to the authentic Datil plum, each variety has its own taste, texture and uses.
Average nutritional values of organic plums
| Nutrient | Per 100 g | Benefits |
|---|---|---|
| Calories | 46 kcal | Ideal for a balanced diet |
| Fibre | 1.4 g | Aids digestion |
| Vitamin C | 9.5 mg | Supports the immune system |
The Different Plum Varieties: A Complete Guide to Flavours
The diversity of organic plums offers an extraordinary range of flavours, textures and uses. In our collection of organic plum trees, we grow each variety with care to preserve its distinctive qualities.
The Four Main Plum Families
Greengages (Reine-Claude)
The jewels of our orchards, greengages stand out for their sweet, fragrant flesh.
- Harvest period: Mid-July to late August
- Average size: 4-5 cm
- Storage: 2-3 weeks
- Uses: Dessert, jam, baking
Our recommended varieties:
- Reine-Claude Dorée – The sweetest
- Reine-Claude d’Oullins – An excellent pollinizer
- Reine-Claude de Bavay – Late harvest
Mirabelles
Small golden wonders, mirabelles are prized for their concentrated sweetness and delicate fragrance.
- Harvest period: August to September
- Average size: 2-3 cm
- Storage: 1-2 weeks
- Uses: Tarts, fruit brandy, jam
Our organic selection:
- Mirabelle de Nancy – The benchmark
Quetsches
Recognisable by their elongated shape, quetsches are ideal for baking and drying.
- Harvest period: Late August to October
- Average size: 4-6 cm
- Storage: 3-4 weeks
- Uses: Tarts, prunes, jam
Our selected varieties:
- Quetsche d’Alsace – The traditional one
- Stanley – Excellent for prunes
Dessert Plums
Larger and juicier, these varieties are perfect for eating fresh.
- Harvest period: July to September
- Average size: 5-7 cm
- Storage: 1-3 weeks
- Uses: Dessert, compote
Our best varieties:
- Datil plum – Our favourite
- Golden Japan – An exotic flavour
The 10 Best Organic Plum Varieties
Drawing on our experience as nurserymen specialising in organic fruit trees, we have selected the best-performing varieties for organic growing. This ranking takes into account natural disease resistance, eating quality and productivity.
1. Datil Plum: The Star of Organic Orchards
The Datil plum stands out for its perfect balance of sweetness and acidity. Larger than a mirabelle but smaller than a greengage, it offers:
- Taste: Dense yellow flesh, rich in sugar with a light, refreshing acidity
- Growing: Quick, regular cropping, excellent disease resistance
- Harvest: Mid-August, with generous, regular crops
- Uses: Versatile – excellent as a dessert fruit, in jam and in baking
Nurseryman’s tip: Ideal for starting out in organic growing thanks to its natural hardiness.
2. Reine-Claude Dorée: Outstanding Flavour
Reine-Claude Dorée, often considered the finest dessert plum, offers an unrivalled taste experience:
- Taste: Exceptionally sweet, fragrant flesh with a fine, melting texture
- Growing: Needs a pollinizer, slightly susceptible to disease
- Harvest: Mid-August, generous but biennial cropping
- Uses: Excellent fresh and in jam
Nurseryman’s tip: Pair it with a Reine-Claude d’Oullins to improve pollination.
3. Mirabelle de Nancy: The Lorraine Tradition
Mirabelle de Nancy is a historic variety that excels in organic growing:
- Taste: Small, very sweet golden fruit with a characteristic honey fragrance
- Growing: Self-fertile, excellent hardiness, suited to cold climates
- Harvest: Late August, abundant crops
- Uses: Versatile – perfect for tarts, jams and fruit brandy
Nurseryman’s tip: An excellent variety for regions with harsh climates.
4. Quetsche d’Alsace: Authentic Tradition
Quetsche d’Alsace is the benchmark for tarts and prunes:
- Taste: Firm, not very juicy flesh with a characteristic sweet-sharp flavour
- Growing: Self-fertile, very hardy, excellent cold resistance
- Harvest: Early September, regular crops
- Uses: Ideal for baking and drying
Nurseryman’s tip: Choose a sunny position to maximise sugar content.
5. Prune d’Ente: The Queen of Prunes
The Prune d’Ente, famous for Agen prunes, stands out for:
- Taste: Very sweet, fragrant flesh with an exceptional sugar content
- Growing: Vigorous and hardy, good disease resistance
- Harvest: Late August-early September
- Uses: Perfect for prunes and processing
Nurseryman’s tip: Thinning the fruit improves size and flavour.
6. Golden Japan: The Exotic Organic Plum
The Golden Japan plum tree brings a touch of originality to the orchard:
- Taste: Golden-yellow flesh, very juicy, with a mild, fragrant flavour
- Growing: Moderate vigour, needs cross-pollination
- Harvest: Mid-July to early August
- Uses: Excellent fresh and in compote
Nurseryman’s tip: Plant it with another Japanese variety to ensure pollination.
7. Stanley: The All-Rounder
The Stanley plum is valued for its versatility:
- Taste: Firm, sweet flesh with a balanced flavour
- Growing: Self-fertile, very productive, good disease resistance
- Harvest: Mid-September
- Uses: Versatile – excellent fresh, dried and in baking
Nurseryman’s tip: Ideal for beginners as it is easy to grow.
8. Reine-Claude d’Oullins: Early and Generous
Reine-Claude d’Oullins is known for its earliness:
- Taste: Yellow-green flesh, juicy and sweet, slightly tangy
- Growing: Self-fertile, an excellent pollinizer, resistant to brown rot
- Harvest: Late July-early August
- Uses: Perfect fresh and in baking
Nurseryman’s tip: An excellent choice to open the greengage season.
9. Reine-Claude de Bavay: Late and Refined
Reine-Claude de Bavay extends the season with elegance:
- Taste: Fine, very sweet flesh with a delicate fragrance
- Growing: Good hardiness, not very susceptible to brown rot
- Harvest: Late August-early September
- Uses: Excellent fresh and for processing
Nurseryman’s tip: Thin the fruit to avoid biennial bearing.
10. Goutte d’Or de Coe: The Golden Jewel
The Goutte d’Or plum rounds off our selection with its exceptional qualities:
- Taste: Golden flesh, very sweet, fragrant and juicy
- Growing: Moderate vigour, needs a pollinizer
- Harvest: Mid-September
- Uses: Ideal as a dessert fruit and for jam
Nurseryman’s tip: Eat soon after picking to enjoy its full aroma.
Comparison Table of the 10 Best Varieties
Harvest Period
| Variety | Harvest | Self-fertile |
|---|---|---|
| Datil | Mid-August | Yes |
| Reine-Claude Dorée | Mid-August | No |
| Mirabelle de Nancy | Late August | Yes |
| Quetsche d’Alsace | September | Yes |
| Prune d’Ente | Late August | No |
| Golden Japan | Mid-July | No |
| Stanley | Mid-September | Yes |
| Reine-Claude d’Oullins | Late July | Yes |
| Reine-Claude de Bavay | Early September | No |
| Goutte d’Or | Mid-September | No |
Resistance and Uses
| Variety | Resistance | Main use |
|---|---|---|
| Datil | ★★★★★ | All-round |
| Reine-Claude Dorée | ★★★☆☆ | Dessert |
| Mirabelle de Nancy | ★★★★☆ | Baking |
| Quetsche d’Alsace | ★★★★★ | Baking |
| Prune d’Ente | ★★★★☆ | Prunes |
| Golden Japan | ★★★★☆ | Dessert |
| Stanley | ★★★★★ | All-round |
| Reine-Claude d’Oullins | ★★★★☆ | Dessert |
| Reine-Claude de Bavay | ★★★★☆ | Dessert/Preserves |
| Goutte d’Or | ★★★☆☆ | Dessert |
Choosing Varieties for Your Organic Orchard
- For a small garden: Choose self-fertile varieties such as Datil or Stanley
- For a spread-out harvest: Combine Reine-Claude d’Oullins (early) and Reine-Claude de Bavay (late)
- For cold regions: Go for Quetsche d’Alsace or Mirabelle de Nancy
- For beginners: Choose hardy varieties such as Stanley or Datil
Complete Guide to Cooking with Organic Plums
Rich in natural flavour, organic plums offer an exceptional range of tastes for cooking. Each variety in our collection of organic plum trees has its own culinary qualities.
Plums for Eating Fresh
Best Varieties for Eating Fresh:
- Reine-Claude Dorée: Melting, very sweet flesh with an unrivalled fragrance
- Datil plum: Perfect balance of sugar and acidity
- Golden Japan: Crisp texture, exotic flavour
Storage Tips:
- Ideal temperature: 4-6°C
- Optimal humidity: 85-90%
- Maximum time: 2-3 weeks depending on the variety
Jams and Jellies
Organic Plum Jam Recipe
Ingredients:
- 1 kg organic plums
- 750 g sugar
- 1 organic lemon
Recommended Varieties:
- Reine-Claude de Bavay: Perfect texture, intense flavour
- Mirabelle de Nancy: Delicate fragrance, golden jam
Baking and Desserts
Uses in Baking:
- Tarts:
- Quetsche d’Alsace – Ideal for Alsatian plum tart
- Mirabelle de Nancy – Perfect for tartlets
- Clafoutis: All greengages
- Cakes: Firm varieties such as Stanley
Preparation Tips:
- Stoning: easier with slightly firm fruit
- Baking: keep an eye on the water content of the fruit
- Storage: plum desserts freeze well
Drying and Prunes
Guide to Drying Organic Plums
Best Varieties for Drying:
- Prune d’Ente: The benchmark for prunes
- Stanley: Excellent sugar content
Drying Process:
- Optimal temperature: 65-70°C
- Average time: 24-36 hours
- Storage: up to 1 year in a dry place
Practical Advice
- Choose organic fruit for its fuller natural flavour
- Match the variety to the intended use
- Follow the seasons for fruit at its best
- Freeze or bottle any surplus
Complete Guide: Diseases and Pests of Organic Plum Trees
In organic growing, prevention is the key to a healthy orchard. Our experience as specialist organic nurserymen lets us share the best practices for keeping your plum trees healthy.
Main Fungal Diseases
Brown Rot: The Major Threat
Symptoms:
- Brown rot on the fruit
- Withering of flowers and shoots
- Mummified fruit remaining on the tree
Organic Prevention:
- Regular pruning to let air through the tree
- Systematic removal of mummified fruit
- Resistant varieties such as Reine-Claude de Bavay
Natural Treatment:
- Horsetail tea as a preventive
- Calcined kaolin clay
Rust: A Risk to the Foliage
Symptoms:
- Orange spots on the underside of leaves
- Early leaf drop
- Weakening of the tree
Organic Prevention:
- Encourage air circulation
- Avoid excess nitrogen
- Collect fallen leaves
Main Pests
Plum Moth: The Enemy of the Fruit
Identification:
- Small grubs inside the fruit
- Entry holes with frass
- Premature fruit drop
Biological Solutions:
- Pheromone traps
- Corrugated cardboard bands
- Releases of Trichogramma wasps
Aphids: Keep an Eye Out
Impact:
- Distorted leaves
- Honeydew and sooty mould
- Weakened young shoots
Natural Control:
- Encourage beneficial insects (ladybirds, hoverflies)
- Diluted black soap
- Nettle or bracken tea
Preventive Strategies in Organic Growing
Essential Actions:
- Choice of variety: Favour hardy varieties such as the Datil plum
- Planting: Respect spacing for good air flow
- Pruning: Keep an airy, balanced framework
- Biodiversity: Plant hedges and companion plants
Organic Care Calendar
| Season | Preventive actions | What to watch |
|---|---|---|
| Winter | Pruning, clean-up, winter treatment | General health |
| Spring | Blossom protection, natural stimulants | Brown rot, aphids |
| Summer | Fruit thinning, monitoring | Plum moth, rust |
| Autumn | Clean-up, strengthening | Post-harvest condition |
Approved Organic Treatments
- Plant teas (nettle, horsetail, bracken)
- Clays (calcined kaolin)
- Sulphur and copper (limited doses)
- Bacillus thuringiensis (against caterpillars)
Note: even in organic growing, use treatments only as a last resort. Prevention remains the best protection.
Growing Plum Trees Organically: A Complete Practical Guide
Growing plum trees organically calls for a holistic, well-thought-out approach. Our experience as a specialist organic nursery lets us share the best practices for a successful natural orchard.
Planting and Establishment
Soil Preparation
- Ideal soil type: Well drained, slightly chalky
- Optimal pH: Between 6.5 and 7.5
- Recommended natural soil improvers:
- Mature compost (3-5 kg/m²)
- Bone meal for phosphorus
- Wood ash for potassium
Planting Tips
- Best time: November to March, avoiding frost
- Planting distance:
- Between trees: 5-6 metres
- Between rows: 6-7 metres
- Orientation: North-south rows to make the most of the sun
For detailed planting advice, see our guide How to plant a fruit tree.
Organic Care
Pruning and Training
- Formative pruning: The first 3 years
- Maintenance pruning: Every winter
- Summer pruning: In summer, to let air into the tree
Discover our detailed techniques in our pruning guide.
Natural Feeding
| Period | Type of input | Amount |
|---|---|---|
| Autumn | Mature compost | 3-5 kg/tree |
| Spring | Nettle tea | Diluted 1:10 |
| Summer | Ramial chipped wood | 5 cm layer |
Water Management in Organic Growing
- Watering young trees: Regularly for the first 2 years
- Mature trees: Only during droughts
- Water-saving techniques:
- Organic mulch
- Drip irrigation
- Watering basin
Companion Planting
Beneficial Plants
- Herbs: Lavender, thyme, rosemary (natural repellents)
- Flowers: Marigold, chamomile (attract pollinators)
- Ground cover: White clover (fixes nitrogen)
Organic Harvesting and Storage
Harvesting Tips
- Signs of ripeness:
- The colour typical of the variety
- Fruit slightly soft to the touch
- Bloom intact
- How to pick:
- Pick with the stalk
- Handle gently
- Avoid the hottest hours
Natural Storage Methods
- Short term (1-2 weeks):
- Cool, ventilated room
- Temperature: 4-6°C
- Humidity: 85-90%
- Processing:
- Natural drying
- Jams without preservatives
- Freezing
Organic Certification
Converting to organic requires:
- 3 years of conversion
- Compliance with organic regulations
- Regular inspections
- Records of your practices
Keys to Success in Organic Growing
- Regular observation of the orchard
- Anticipating problems
- Maintaining biodiversity
- Patience and perseverance







